PROTECTION OF HUMAN AND CITIZEN RIGHTS IN UKRAINE: STATE AND MECHANISMS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION

Abstract

The article analyzes the issues of human rights protection through the prism of mechanisms of international legal regulation. Emphasis is placed on the activities of international institutions such as the European Court of Human Rights and the United Nations. It is noted that human rights guarantee the right to life, the right to freedom and personal inviolability, the right to equality, the right to freedom of expression, and other fundamental rights. Violations of any human right lead to serious consequences. In Ukraine, over recent months, there has been a significant increase in the number of civilian casualties and human rights violations amid the escalation of hostilities. Protection of human rights is carried out at various levels – from local to global. Mechanisms for protecting the rights and freedoms of Ukrainian citizens constitute a complex system that includes both judicial and non-judicial means of protection. Judicial protection is one of the most widespread and significant tools ensuring the realization of rights and freedoms, as it allows every Ukrainian citizen to seek protection of their rights not only in national courts but also before international judicial bodies.Special attention is given to human rights protection at the international level, where it is realized through the creation of international universal organizations, in particular the United Nations and its subdivisions. The European Court of Human Rights plays a key role in ensuring the protection of citizens’ rights in the countries that are members of the Council of Europe. This enables citizens to seek protection of their rights at the international level, significantly expanding the possibilities for legal protection. The Court monitors the implementation by the member states of the Convention by reviewing complaints of its violations. The ECHR is the highest instance on compliance issues by member states with their Convention obligations. The conclusion is made that human rights are one of the fundamental principles in the modern world. They provide protection of human interests and guarantee justice, freedom, and equality in society. Human rights form the basis of any society and state. Creating a just and equal environment for individuals and society requires the observance of human rights by the state, society, and the individual. Every person, who has citizenship and state-defined responsibilities, is responsible for respecting human rights. State authorities, human rights defenders, and international organizations, in turn, are obliged to ensure the protection and observance of human rights. The European Court of Human Rights and the United Nations hold an important place in this human rights protection process.